寵物兔子的養殖方法和留意事項

Pet rabbit breeding methods and notes

盡管兔子歸于食草性動物，可是并不是說一切的草都合適拿來給兔子作為主食，一般只要粗纖維含量較高，粗蛋白含量稍低的干草才合適作為兔子的主食。而喂養兔子也要留意可以較多地給它們供給干草，由于草自身養分不高，所以可以用量來補償，而這也契合兔子的生物特性。粗纖維關于兔子是較為重要的一種養分物，起著較為重要的效果。

Although rabbits belong to herbivorous animals, it does not mean that all the grass is suitable for rabbits as staple food. Generally, hay with higher crude fiber content and lower crude protein content is suitable for rabbits as staple food. While feeding rabbits, we should also pay attention to providing them with more hay, because the grass itself is not high nutrient, so it can be used to compensate, which is also in line with the biological characteristics of rabbits. Coarse fiber is an important nutrient for rabbits, which plays a more important role.

粗纖維自身并不能被兔子的腸胃所吸收，它是通過胃小腸的開始吸收后抵達盲腸，被里邊寄生的微生物進行分化發酵以供給兔子所需的能量。假如單一給它們喂養低纖維，高能量，高蛋白的牧草，如豆科牧草中的紫花苜蓿，里邊含有豐厚的蛋白質，礦物質，維生素等，可是里邊的粗纖維含量偏低。或者是兔糧 ，關于成年后的兔子，身體所需的粗蛋白越來越少，很多的精美食物會對兔子的腸胃構成擔負，過度發酵，又缺乏粗纖維協助盲腸活動構成消化不良脹氣積食等消化疾病。

Crude fibre itself can not be absorbed by the intestine and stomach of rabbits. It reaches the cecum through the initial absorption of the small intestine and is differentiated and fermented by the parasitic microorganisms inside to supply the energy needed by rabbits. If they were fed low-fibre, high-energy, high-protein forage, such as alfalfa in leguminous forage, it contained rich protein, minerals, vitamins and so on, but the content of crude fibre in it was low. Or rabbit food, about adult rabbits, the body needs less and less crude protein, a lot of delicate food will burden the intestine and stomach of rabbits, excessive fermentation, and lack of crude fiber to assist cecum activities constitute digestive diseases such as dyspepsia, flatulence and food accumulation.

給兔子喂養高淀粉類的人類食品或是農作物對兔子的腸胃更是有著很大的損害，淀粉在小腸內未經消化便進入盲腸，在盲腸內作為細菌成長的養料，本來盲腸里寄生很多的有益菌和有害菌，他們在正常情況下堅持一個生態平衡把未消化的食物發酵，轉化為需求的養分。這時盲腸中的有害菌便會張狂成長過度繁衍，構成有益菌偏弱，發生毒素，使腸壁損害掉落，腸粘膜出血，構成兔兔急性腹瀉。所以當兔子呈現了有膠凍狀物質或粘液的糞便，飼主必定要多留意，盡早去檢查一下。

Feeding high starch human food or crops to rabbits has great damage to the intestine and stomach of rabbits. Starch enters the cecum without digestion in the small intestine. As a nutrient for bacterial growth in the cecum, there are many beneficial bacteria and harmful bacteria parasitizing in the cecum. They insist on an ecological balance under normal circumstances. Ferment the undigested food into the nutrient of demand. At this time, the harmful bacteria in the cecum will grow and multiply wildly and excessively, forming weak beneficial bacteria, producing toxins, causing intestinal wall damage and dropping, intestinal mucosal bleeding, constituting acute diarrhea in rabbits. So when the rabbit presents a gelatinous substance or mucous feces, the feeder must pay more attention to it and check it as soon as possible.

此外干草中的粗纖維可以增強腸胃活動，促進養分物質吸收，為糞球的構成和排出起著十分重要的效果。過低的粗纖維構成腸胃活動偏弱，發生便秘。這也是為什么很多人主張提摩西草無限食用的原因，兔子的盲腸很長，有必要堅持活動，粗纖維是更好的促進其腸道活動的物質。一般的食草動物是復胃動物，能反芻通過二次咀嚼吸收養分進一步消化。而兔子卻是是單胃動物，不能反芻，食物中沒有發酵徹底的養分物質，通過盲腸生成盲腸便排出體外，由兔子在肛門外食入，進行再次消化使用。里邊含有很多未消化的養分物質和微生物。假如喂太多的精飼料會構成兔子養分過盛，假如兔子拒絕食用盲腸便的話，會構成養分物質的不徹底吸收和腸道內的菌群數量的失衡。所以在食物上的調配應為定量的精飼料+不定量的高粗纖維的干草為更佳。

In addition, the crude fibers in hay can enhance gastrointestinal activity, promote nutrient absorption, and play an important role in the composition and excretion of dung balls. Low coarse fiber constitutes gastrointestinal weakness and constipation. This is why many people advocate that Timothy grass should be eaten indefinitely. Rabbits have a long cecum and it is necessary to keep moving. Crude fiber is the best substance to promote intestinal activity. A common herbivore is a compound stomach animal that can rump through two chewing and absorb nutrients to digest further. Rabbits, however, are monogastric animals and cannot ruminate. There are no fermented nutrients in the food. They produce cecum through the cecum and excrete it out of the body. Rabbits eat it outside the anus and digest it again. It contains a lot of undigested nutrients and microbes. If fed too much concentrate, it will lead to excessive nutrients in rabbits. If rabbits refuse to eat cecum, it will lead to incomplete absorption of nutrients and imbalance of intestinal flora. Therefore, the deployment of food should be the best of the quantitative feed plus non quantitative hay.

可見粗纖維在兔子的生活傍邊起到了十分重要的效果，尤其是關于兔子的腸胃十分有利，它不僅可以協助兔子更好地吸收養分，更能促進消化，是不可或缺的養分物，因而飼主在平常的喂養過程中必定不要疏忽這一點。

It can be seen that crude fiber plays a very important role in the life of rabbits, especially in the intestine and stomach of rabbits. It can not only help rabbits absorb nutrients better, but also promote digestion. It is an indispensable nutrient. Therefore, the feeder must not neglect this point in the normal feeding process.

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